日本公民投票制度的新發展

學習筆記勘誤意見

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全文內容: 　　公民投票係指「公民」以其自身的直接「投票」做成決定；其設計主要能夠彌補代議制度之缺陷，從而達到直接民權的目的。日本的民主化程度頗高，故在公民投票制度的演變上亦較為穩健，近來因出現新興的市民運動，一般民眾希望可以對於生活周遭事務表達各種意見，因此推動地方自治體的「住民投票」；另一方面，由於日本國憲法雖規定修改程序須經「國民投票」複決，但「國民投票法」的程序法一直付之闕如，使得日本社會開始出現立法的要求，而這兩個動向正值得吾人關注。本文即旨在論述公民投票法理中日本的狀況，以及從日本推動地方自治和修憲的過程中，探討日本「住民投票」和「國民投票」這兩個公民投票制度發展的新動向。

全文內容: 　　Plebiscite refers to the decision made by "citizens" with their own direct "vote"; it is primarily designed to compensate for the shortcomings of representative system, so as to achieve the purpose of direct democracy. Japan has rather high degree of democratization, so the evolution of the plebiscite system is also relatively stable. With recent emergence of citizen movements, the general public wishes to express a variety of ideas about the public affairs around their living area, hence promoting "residents vote" under local self-government body. On the other hand, according to the Japanese Constitution, the amendment procedure shall be subject to the provisions of the "national vote" referendum, but the procedural law of "national referendum law" has been utterly wanted, making the Japanese society began to demand for legislation. These two trends are what we should be concerned about. This paper is intended to state the status in Japan under the legal principles of referendum law and to discuss these two new trends of development of Japan's referendum system "residents vote" and "national vote" referendum, from the process of Japan's promoting local self-government and the constitutional amendment.