孫中山教育思想對現代特殊教育的啟示

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題名(英): Sun Yat-sen's Educational Philosophy and its Inspiration in Contemporary Special Education

關鍵詞(英): Dr. Sun Yat-Sen’s thoughts of education 、 special education 、 inclusive education 、 educational equality

全文內容: 本研究旨在探討孫中山教育思想與現代特殊教育之脈絡關係及影響。在研究架構上，主要以《三民主義》為研究主軸，搭配孫中山所著之《上李鴻章書》、《女子教育之重要》、《學生要立志做大事不可做官》等與教育相關的論述。孫中山教育思想含括人權與教育平等、因材施教、知識與實用並重、普及化學校教育、弱勢關懷及人才培育等不同層面，結合我國現代特殊教育之特色，探討孫中山教育思想對現代特殊教育影響及作用，並得出以下結論：
一、孫中山提倡人權平等教育理念影響特殊教育中重視人權的融合理念。
二、孫中山教育理念強調因材施教與特殊教育的個別化精神相符。
三、孫中山強調學問與實作並重讓特殊教育實用技能更具重視。
四、孫中山普及教育思想與特殊教育零拒絕之概念相互貫通。
五、孫中山提倡民生主義奠定身心障礙者之相關養育政策。
六、孫中山建立選才機制供資賦優異者拔擢模式之參照。

全文內容: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship and influence of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen’s thoughts of education and contemporary. In the research structure, it is mainly based on the “Three Principles of the People” and combined others discussion of “Sun Wen Theory”. The Perspective of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen’s thoughts of education included different aspects of human rights and education equality, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, paying equal attention to knowledge and practicality, popularizing school education, weak care and talent cultivation. Findings were summarized as follows:
1. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen advocates the concept of equal rights education to influence the concept of inclusive education and equal rights in special education.
2. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen emphasizes that the teaching of students in accordance with their aptitude is in line with the individualized spirit of special education.
3. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen emphasizes that both academic and practical work pay more attention to the practical skills of special education.
4. Dr. Sun Yat-Senhad concept of universal education and the concept of zero rejection of special education.
5. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen advocates the people's livelihood to establish a related parenting policy for people with physical and mental disabilities.
6. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen established a selection mechanism to support the model of the outstanding talents.