詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

孫中山與女性參政

題名(英)

Sun Yat-sen and Women in Politics

作者

劉明香

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2657

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2019/11/12

卷期

第27期

頁次

p.105-122

關鍵詞

孫中山 、 女性參政 、 唐群英 、 男女平權

關鍵詞(英)

Sun Yat-sen 、 female political participation 、 Tang Qun-ying 、 equal rights for men and women

全文內容

孫中山先生推動革命運動的過程中，曾有多位女性參與，其中以唐群英最早加入，其盡心竭力為革命奉獻，但是民國建立後，曾經並肩作戰的男性同志卻忽視女性的權利與意見，此舉讓同盟會中的女性們無法接受，遂導致民初的衝突對立，也引起社會對女性角色與期望的探討。本文主要透過文獻研究，從《申報》的報導看唐群英率眾破壞參議院窗戶玻璃、在國民黨大會掌摑宋教仁事件，嘗試理解民初女性爭取參政權的社會環境與歷程，並就民初女性參政的理想與現實，以及孫中山先生對女權參政的主張與影響加以探討。從文獻上來看，孫中山先生對「男女平權」或「女性參政」，是抱持正面鼓勵的態度，且列為民權主義實現的理想之一。惟唐群英等人積極的要求參政權時，不免陷於理想與現實的衝突中：理想上，革命成功、民國建立，自應實現「男女平權」；現實上卻因爭取權利、分享權力可能撼動傳統的社會結構，改變既有的性別角色與關係，因而引起社會的負面觀感大於正面影響。在歷史的關鍵與轉折中，初創的民國在袁世凱處心積慮地取得政權後，再陷入軍閥爭權奪利的混戰中，孫中山先生的政治理想遭受重大挫折，女性參政一時亦難以實現。但就歷史意義來看，孫中山先生所提出的主張與唐群英等人的積極行動，確實為現代女權運動發展奠定基礎，也為中國現代化開啟重要一頁。

全文內容

Many women participated in Sun Yat-sen's revolution movement. Among them, Tang Qun-ying was one of the earliest participants. She wholeheartedly dedicated herself to the revolution, but after the Republic of China was founded, her male comrades whom she had fought alongside ignored the rights and opinions of women. Such conduct was unacceptable to the women in the alliance, leading to conflicts in the early days of the Republic of China and triggering society to explore the roles and expectations of women. To understand the social environment and experience of women fighting for political power during the early Republic of China, this paper mainly reviewed literature such as the report from Shun Pao on Tang Qun-ying leading a crowd to break glass windows in the Senate and attacking Song Jiao-Ren during a Kuomintang congressional meeting. This paper also further explored the ideals and reality of female political participation during the early Republic of China and Dr. Sun Yat-sen's opinion and influence on women's rights in political participation. Literature review showed that Dr. Sun Yat-sen was positive and encouraging towards "equal rights for men and women" and "women's political participation", listing these values as one of the ideals in the Principles of Democracy. However, when Tang Qun-ying and others actively demanded political participation, they were invariably caught in the conflict between ideal and reality. Ideally, equal rights for men and women should naturally be realized with the success of the revolution and the founding of the Republic of China. Nevertheless, in reality, power struggle and power sharing might have upset traditional social structure and change existing gender roles and relationships. As a result, negative social perception overcame positive influence. During early Republic of China, with Yuan Shi-kai's plot to gain power and the chaotic scuffle for power among warlords at critical turning points in history, Sun Yat-sen’s political ideals suffered major setbacks, making it difficult for women to participate in politics. However, in terms of historical significance, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's proposition and the activities of Tang Qun-ying and others have indeed laid the foundation for the development of modern feminist movement, and opened an important page for modernization in China.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：西元2019年7月22日；接受刊登日：西元2019年10月25日