1923-24年孫文對「日本政府」與「日本人民」之二分論
本館出版品
1923-24年孫文對「日本政府」與「日本人民」之二分論
Sun Yet-Sen's View of Japan in 1923~1924: The distinction between "the government of Japan" and "the Japanese people"
孫學研究
1996-265-7
半年刊
2014/11/12
第17期
P133-153
在孫文研究的課題中,孫文與日本的關係是一個重要的組成部分。而孫文的對日認識也一直是專家們的探討對象。近年來,因為史料的發現及公開,有關孫文與日本的研究有了很大的發展,可以說基本上已經有了比較概括的分析。但是從孫文晚年的對日觀這一方面來講,仍然存在不明瞭的地方以及探討的餘地。
關於孫文對日認識的先行研究,最大的特徵是「聯日論」的主張較強,其次是認為以1919年五四運動為界線,孫文的對日觀有了飛躍性的變化,認清了帝國主義國家日本的真面目。可是到了孫文晚年,他的對日觀看起來充滿矛盾,一方面嚴厲批判日本在中國的所作所為,一方面對日本仍然期待很高。這使孫文的對日觀看起來搖擺不定。而實際上孫文在第三次廣東軍政府時期的有關日本的發言,將堅持帝國主義路線的「日本政府」與「日本人民」分開了來,即批判對象為「日本政府」,期待對象為「日本人民」。孫文的如此「日本政府」與「日本人民」二分論認識直接影響到他1924年北上繞道日本這一舉動,也可以說影響到他在日本的最後一次演講「大亞洲主義」的內容。
孫文「日本政府」與「日本人民」二分論的形成與他在廣州建立第三次軍政府時期有著不可分的關係。在這個時期,孫文及其周圍的國民黨人與居住在廣州的日本人聯繫緊密,其中包括當時的駐廣東記者濱野末太郎。本文利用新發現的史料《濱野末太郎日記》,補充分析在第三次廣州軍政府時期孫文與日本的關係,以考察孫文晚年的對日認識特徵,力圖揭開孫文晚年對日觀的全貌。
In the study on Sun Yat-sen , Sun Yat-sen's relationship with Japan have been one of the most important subject. Because of recent discovery and disclosure of historical materials, the study about the relationship between Sun Yat-sen and Japan has been greatly developed. But from the Sun Yat-Sen's view of Japan in his later years is not clear yet and open to explore.
It has been frequently pointed that he promoted to make cooperation with Japan to success his revolution and "The May Fourth Movement (1919)" made him recognize the imperial character of Japan. But he still had great expection to Japan in his later years despite his criticism of the Japanese diplomatic policies to China. According to his statements during the third military government of Guangdong, it is clear that he distinguished "the Japanese people" from "the government of Japan" to expect the former and denounce the later. This distinction affected his visit to Japan and his last lecture "The Great-Asianism" in 1924.
This article analyzes "Hamano Suetaro's diary" discovered in Japan. Hamano was a Japanese journalist stayed in Guangdong in 1922-25. In this period, Sun Yat-sen and the members of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) made close relationship with many Japanese living in Guangzhou. The relationship of Sun Yat-sen and Japan and his view of Japan in his later years is examined by this diary.
國立國父紀念館
臺北市
GPN:2009503228