詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

孫中山的國家統一思想與民族自決之辨證

題名(英)

A discourse between Sun Yat-Sen’s idea of national reunification and self-determination

作者

唐玉禮

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2657

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2019/05/16

卷期

第26期

頁次

p.1-22

關鍵詞

孫中山 、 國家統一 、 民族自決 、 民族主義

關鍵詞(英)

Sun Yat-Sen 、 national reunification 、 self-determination 、 nationalism

全文內容

對中山先生而言，中國革命之目標在建立一個民主自由與獨立的國家，以中國當時之情勢來看，辛亥革命只有推翻了專制的滿清王朝，全國卻陷入軍閥割據的分裂狀態，還有邊疆省分問題，外國勢力依然存在以及不平等條約，不但稱不上獨立，人民與國家亦不自由，故在其1920年之後的著述與演講之中，時常出現革命仍未成功以及中國和平統一的論述主張。綜觀中山先生關於國家統一思想之言論，本文認為可以區分兩大面向：一是在國家組成成員身分之認定，一是國家疆界的認定，意即涉及民族、國家與領土主權之間的關係。本文以民族主義觀點、著重在其對內部之民族成員認定的論述為主，探討兩個問題，第一是中山先生期望中華民族能如美國民族大熔爐一般團結凝聚中國各界各族，若以美國族群政策的演變來看，大熔爐是一個單向、直線、以盎格魯——新教文化為主的同化政策，後來是有被修正，吾人要如何解讀中山先生的觀點；第二是如果中國內部的少數民族主張民族自決的話，加上民族革命留下的後遺症，其實是不利於國家整合與統一，中山先生如何面對此情勢。

全文內容

Sun Yat-Sen saw the republic revolution as a means to establish a democratic and independent country. Back then, the Xinhai revolution only overthrew the dictatorial Qing Dynasty – soon after, China fell prey to the hands of warlords. In addition to internal divisions, China also faced upheavals at its border areas, the foreign military presence and Unequal Treaty. The country was not fully liberated and its people weren’t free. In light of these crises, discourses on Chinese unification and the unfinished revolution permeated through his speeches and writings after 1920.

This article takes a broader look at Sun Yat-Sen’s theory on reunification and summarizes it with two perspectives – the identification of nationality and recognition of territories – the relations between a nation, a state, and its territories.
Employing the theory of Nationalism and placing a focus on identifying the nationality of the people, the author attempts to explore the following two issues –

1. Sun Ya-Sen hoped the Chinese nation as a melting pot like that of the United States – where different Chinese ethnic groups came together as one. The evolution of Ethnic Policy in the United States had shown that the idea of a melting pot was a result of the assimilation of the Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture even though such view was corrected later on. How should we interpret Sun’s perspective of a united nation？

2. If minority groups opted for self-determination, along with the myriad crisis China faced after the revolution, it would not benefit to the reunification of the country. How would Sun Yat-Sun have taken up on the challenge？

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：西元2019年3月3日；接受刊登日：西元2019年4月22日。