詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

譚嗣同《仁學》中的「仁」與孫中山｢博愛｣思想之比較初探

題名(英)

Moving Towards the Practice of the Constitutional Rule of Law-Investigating Human Rights from the Normative Content of Interpretations of the Justices

作者

張曉芬

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2657

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2021/05/16

卷期

第30期

頁次

p.55-80

關鍵詞

譚嗣同、仁學、孫中山、民權、博愛

關鍵詞(英)

Tan Sitong, Humaneness, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Civil Rights, Universal Fraternity

全文內容

中國近代史是一紛紛擾擾﹑內憂外患﹑戰亂不斷的時代，然思想的突破與轉折也在此時演變，由中國的傳統封建走向西方的自由民主絕非偶然，是多少知識分子﹑革命先烈努力倡導與改革而來的。譚嗣同（1865-1898）據《仁學》思想力行實踐，投身於變法維新中，壯烈犧牲，是為｢戊戌六君子｣之一。留下影響後人深遠的著作──《仁學》一書。其主張：欲求｢仁｣的實現，必須能｢通｣﹔｢通｣的表現，必須先在｢平等｣立場上方能實現。譚氏之壯烈犧牲，生命雖短暫，但其主張與思想對後人影響深遠，尤其對後來的反清革命志士，具有絕大的反響；如鄒容（1885-1905）《革命軍》引用不少《仁學》的語句﹑陳天華（1875-1905）《猛回頭》等均有譚氏的言論。 孫中山（1866-1925）力倡《三民主義》──｢民族，民權﹑民生｣，主法國｢自由﹑平等﹑博愛｣思想，然譚氏《仁學》亦主張｢平等｣致通博，方｢踐仁｣；也主君王乃是為人民服務的民本思想，二者在｢民主﹑平等﹑博愛｣立場與主張是否有相似之處？二者均強調主權在民與平等博愛，在近代史上頗具推動民主意義。在此，本論文以文獻研究的方法回歸歷史脈絡，冀能將二者的相似與相異做一比較初探。

全文內容

China’s modern history is an era of disturbances, domestic revolts, foreign aggression, and constant wars. However, breakthroughs and transitions in thought evolved at the same time. China’s moving from traditional feudalism towards western liberal democracy is by no means fortuitous, but rather the result of advocacy and reform by countless intellectuals and revolutionary martyrs. Putting his work A Study of Humaneness into vigorous practice, Tan Sitong (1865-1898) fully practiced and devoted himself to the Wuxu Reform (the failed attempt to reform the Qing Dynasty). His heroic sacrifice made him one of the “six gentlemen of Wuxu”. The book that he left behind, A Study of Humaneness, had far-reaching influence on later generations. The book argues that, in order to realize “humaneness”, “opening up” is a necessary precondition; but opening up can only be realized on a basis of “equality”. Tan’s sacrifice was heroic; despite his short life, his advocacy and thoughts had a profound influence on later generations, especially in the great reaction among revolutionary anti-Qing patriots who came later. For example, Zou Rong’s (1885-1905) book The Revolutionary Army contains many quotes from A Study of Humaneness; and Tan’s remarks are quoted in A Sudden Look Back by Chen Tianhua (1875-1905). Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) advocated the Three Principles of the People, namely, nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people, and advocated the French concepts of “liberty, equality, and fraternity”. However, Tan’s A Study of Humaneness also asserts that “equality” leads to opening up and the practice of humaneness; it also advocates that to be sovereign is precisely the people-oriented thought of serving the masses. Do Tan and Sun share similarities in terms of their standpoints and advocacy for “democracy, equality, and universal fraternity”? Both emphasize that sovereignty rests with the people, equality, and universal fraternity, which have been highly significant in the promotion of democracy in modern history. Thus, the literature research method was adopted in this paper, to return to the historical context, in hopes of conducting a preliminary comparative study on the similarities and differences between the two.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：民國109年10月19日；接受刊登日：民國110年4月28日。