本館出版品

從孫中山專家政治與西方發展模式論改革開放後中共官僚體制

A Preliminary Talk on the Bureaucracy of Chinese Communist Party after the Reform and Opening-up from Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Expert Politics Standpoint and Western Development Model

孫學研究

1996-2657

半年刊

2020/11/12

第29期

p.119-152

2020年全球受COVID19疫情肆虐，首先傳出疫情的中國大陸在對疫情處理的決策、執行，質疑與肯定皆有之。中共官僚系統一方面面臨試圖掩蓋疫情、感染者人權的質疑，一方面在對社會全面的嚴格控制、有效率的穩定疫情等，不乏肯定之聲。相較之下，一些所謂的先進民主國家政府，卻先後出現慌亂與措手不及的現象，若干民粹主義盛行者，尤其引人側目。百餘年前，孫中山先生的專家政治便曾對這些情境有所討論；韋伯（Max Weber）的研究，則提供了西方官僚體制的重要典範。民主、資本主義與現代化，在西方官僚體制發展下是高度關聯的，但這些是否是官僚體制發展的必然趨勢？本文從中國古老的官僚體制為濫觴，孫中山的專家政治與韋伯的官僚體制理論為比較架構，試圖梳理中共改革開放後，直至2018年19大至今的政策重點、官僚體制特色、變遷與挑戰。

COVID-19 has raged globally in 2020. Mainland China where the pandemic first broke out has been both questioned and recognized in terms of its pandemic disposal decision-making and execution. With Chinese Communist Party’s bureaucracy, on one hand, it attempted to cover up the pandemic, and the human rights of the infected were questioned; on the other hand, its comprehensive and strict social control efficiently stabilize the epidemic situation which has received recognition. By contrast, some so-called advanced democratic countries have been in a panic and totally unprepared; some populist countries are even eye-catching. Over a century ago, Dr. Sun Yat-sen discussed such a situation in his expert politics. Max Weber’s research also provides an important paradigm for Western bureaucracy. Democracy, capitalism and modernization are highly related under the Western bureaucracy development. However, are they inevitable trends in the development of bureaucracy? With Chinese ancient bureaucracy as the origin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s expert politics and Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy were used as the comparative framework in this study. It attempted to sort out the policy focuses, features of bureaucracy, changes, and challenges from after the reform and opening-up, through the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, to 2018.

COVID-19 has raged globally in 2020. Mainland China where the pandemic first broke out has been both questioned and recognized in terms of its pandemic disposal decision-making and execution. With Chinese Communist Party’s bureaucracy, on one hand, it attempted to cover up the pandemic, and the human rights of the infected were questioned; on the other hand, its comprehensive and strict social control efficiently stabilize the epidemic situation which has received recognition. By contrast, some so-called advanced democratic countries have been in a panic and totally unprepared; some populist countries are even eye-catching. Over a century ago, Dr. Sun Yat-sen discussed such a situation in his expert politics. Max Weber’s research also provides an important paradigm for Western bureaucracy. Democracy, capitalism and modernization are highly related under the Western bureaucracy development. However, are they inevitable trends in the development of bureaucracy? With Chinese ancient bureaucracy as the origin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s expert politics and Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy were used as the comparative framework in this study. It attempted to sort out the policy focuses, features of bureaucracy, changes, and challenges from after the reform and opening-up, through the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, to 2018.

國立國父紀念館

臺北市

投稿日：民國109年7月24日；接受刊登日：民國109年11月2日。