從孫中山先生博愛思想，論我國憲法上「國民幸福權」之演進

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題名(英): A Discussion on the Progression of the “Right of National Happiness” from the Perspective of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Ideologies on Fraternity

關鍵詞(英): Fraternity 、 country 、 citizen 、 right to national happiness 、 human rights

全文內容: 　　孫中山先生說：「為四萬萬人謀幸福，就是『博愛』」在孫中山先生的博愛思想下，國家與國民的關係究竟為何？為什麼要有國家，國家存在的價值又是什麼？日本國憲法第十三條有所謂「幸福追求權」，美國獨立宣言以及法國人權宣言，也都提到了人民有追求幸福的權利。但是，幸福是不是一種基本人權，我國的憲法又是如何規範。在我國憲法上，是否可以找到國民幸福權的依據。我國歷經實施憲政以來，在學說上以及司法實務上，對於國民幸福權的態度究竟為何？其實踐的內容與案例又是為何？本文期盼能予以檢視並探求答案。

全文內容: 　　Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said, “The act of seeking happiness for four million people is an act of ‘fraternity’”. What is the relationship between the country and its citizens according to Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s ideologies on fraternity? Why must countries exist, and what value does the existence of a country embody? Article 13 of the Constitution of Japan, mentions the “right to the pursuit of happiness”, and the American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen also state that citizens have the right to pursue happiness. However, is happiness considered a fundamental human right? How is it regulated in our constitution? Does our constitution contain any basis for the right to national happiness? What kinds of views have been adopted by academic theories and judicial practices regarding the right to national happiness since our country implemented the constitutional government? What is the reason for the content of their implementation and the cases? This paper will review and investigate the answers to these questions.