臺灣原住民經濟人權困境之探索：兼論中山先生關於少數民族的觀點

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文件類型: 本館出版品

題名: 臺灣原住民經濟人權困境之探索：兼論中山先生關於少數民族的觀點

題名(英): A Study on Why Taiwan's Aboriginal People Falling into Poverty: Concurrently discussing Dr. Sun Yat-Sen about national minority's viewpoint

作者: 胡春雷

期刊: 孫學研究

ISSN: 1996-265-7

出版頻率: 半年刊

出版西元年月日: 2011/05/16

卷期: 第10期

頁次: P025-057

關鍵詞: 原住民經濟、原住民土地、原住民社會

關鍵詞(英): Aboriginal People's Economy 、 Aboriginal People's Land 、 Aboriginal People's Society

全文內容: 　　早期民族國家一味追求「文化的同質性」，對於移民、少數民族以及弱勢群體之文化，一概擯斥不屑與強勢同化。及至1940-50 年代，「文化權利」浮出檯面，人們繼尋求「普遍的文化權利」之後，進而提出「差異的文化權利」──即少數族群對其本族傳統文化遺產的珍惜、認同權。社會開始關照過去長期被漠視的弱勢及特殊文化社群，因而逐漸形成「多元文化的公民權」（multicultural citizenship）之論述。此一新興思潮，對臺灣社會的政治、經濟與教育文化亦產生重大影響，進而促成一波波憲政乃至政策之改革。包容多元經濟、社會、文化，乃漸成為當代的重要主張。
　　然而，「臺灣原住民族運動」，雖歷經20餘年奮鬥，迄今原住民（族）仍然掙扎於臺灣社會的底層：原住民占全臺人口2.2%，其家戶平均月入長期不足臺灣全體家戶平均月入之半，六成原住民家庭屬於國內全體家庭所得五等分的最低所得組，半數原住民家庭生活在貧窮線以下。土地是維繫原住民經濟、社會與文化傳承的根本依恃，百餘年來一以貫之的保留地政策，剝奪原住民85％以上的土地，對其生活的貧困造成極嚴重的影響。
　　因此，「恢復部落及民族傳統領域土地」，乃是原住民族運動之重大呼籲；政府當遵循憲法保障原住民族條款（1997年）、［原住民族基本法］（2005年）乃至聯合國［原住民族權利宣言］（2007年）之基本精神，尊重並承認原住民族傳統領域，歸還土地，積極推動「集體權」之相關立法，重建混合私有制、集體所有制和共同經營制的大土地營造的部落家園文化，終而達成原住民族經濟社會文化的永續經營與發展。
　　此外，我國乃是一多族群的國家，中山先生的民族理念，始於排滿興漢，繼之倡導五族共和，進而提倡民族同化與民族融合，終爾擎起摶成大中華民族的「國族主義」。在國際社會尚未出現多元文化觀之近百年前，即寄望組織由各民族自由聯合統一的中華民國，並宣示政府當扶植國內之弱小民族，使之能自決自治，無可否認其思想的前瞻性與進步性。職是之故，中山先生關於少數民族的觀點，亦是本文所關注的重點之一。

全文內容: 　　Taiwan's Aboriginal Peoples' had been living in the late Neolithic Age during Ming-Ching Dynasties. It belongs to indigenous Communist society. The ideology of Land for them means a collective right, not a private right. Once they were invaded by mainland Chinese and later Japanese, their destiny has controlled by imperialism, colonialism and capitalism. Private property right system & market economy forced original autonomous economy society of aboriginal peoples to collapse.
　　A country's policy to its aboriginal peoples will reflect the extent of country's democratic maturity. Taiwan is walking to diversified democracy, so she must create polyethnic co-existence and co-prosperity. However, "Aboriginal Peoples' Movement of Taiwan" has proceeded for over 20 years, but indigenous peoples still are struggling on the bottom layer of whole society. Half of them live under the poverty line level.
　　"Restoring Tribes' and Peoples' Traditional Land" has been a significant request. Government should obey the constitutional article of protecting indigenous peoples (1997) and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007) to respect and recognize their traditional territory and then return it back to them. The Legislative Yuan should sooner finish related lawmaking and finally help them to set up suitable life style for them to revive and flourish from now on.
　　China is a multi-tribal groups' country. The national idea of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, begins in row of anti-Manchu, then the advocate national assimilation of its five ethnic groups, and finally raises integrating the Great Chinese Nation "the Country Race Principle". Even looked by today's judgment, near one hundred years ago, the idea of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen about the small and weak nationality is full of foresightedness and progressive really.

出版者: 國立國父紀念館

出版地: 臺北市

備註: GPN:2009503228

臺灣原住民經濟人權困境之探索：兼論中山先生關於少數民族的觀點 detail