詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

孫中山談民生主義與共產主義之關係

題名(英)

Sun Yat-sen on the Relationship between the Principles of People's Livelihood and Communism

作者

彭劍

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2657

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2019/11/12

卷期

第27期

頁次

p.21-36

關鍵詞

孫中山 、 列寧 、 革命中的聖人 、 馬克思 、 階級戰爭

關鍵詞(英)

Sun Yat-sen 、 Lenin 、 saint of revolution 、 Marx 、 class war

全文內容

毛澤東在1942年的一次講話中提到，孫中山說過，列寧是革命的聖人，共產主義是三民主義的好朋友。經查，孫中山確實說過列寧是革命的聖人，但未直接說過共產主義是三民主義的好朋友，而說過共產主義是民生主義的好朋友。孫中山在20年左右的時間裡，常說民生主義就是共產（社會）主義，唯獨在1924年系統演說三民主義的時候說共產主義是民生主義的朋友，此中緣故，當在安撫國民黨內反對國共合作的人士。孫中山雖然明確說過列寧是革命的聖人，但並不意味著他對列寧的神聖化。他評論列寧的文字很少，但對馬克思的品評則較多。在他看來，馬克思雖然是社會（共產）主義的聖人，但是，其學說的兩個基本點即唯物論和階級鬥爭學說都不對，只有民生主義才抓住了社會問題的真髓。由孫中山對馬克思的品評，可推知他對列寧的態度。並且，從他對馬克思學說的態度，可以窺見其學說與馬克思主義的關係，以及國民黨意識形態的調和底色。

全文內容

In 1942, Mao Zedong mentioned that Sun Yat-sen once stated that Lenin was a saint of revolution and communism is a good friend of the Three Principles of the People. Investigation confirmed that Sun Yat-sen did indeed say that Lenin was a saint of revolution, but had not directly stated that communism is a good friend of the Three Principles of the People. He had however said that communism is a good friend of the Principles of People's Livelihood.

Over a period of about 20 years, Sun Yat-sen often said that the Principles of People's Livelihood is communism (socialism). It was only during the 1924 systematic speech on the Three Principles of the People that he said communism is a friend of the Principles of People's Livelihood to pacify members of the Kuomintang who opposed communism. Nevertheless, Sun Yat-sen previous statement that Lenin was a saint of revolution does not suggest that he sacralized Lenin. He had few comments on Lenin, but instead commented more on Marx. In his perspective, although Marx was a saint of socialism (communism), to say that the two basic points of his doctrine are merely about materialism and class struggle is inaccurate. Only the Principles of People's Livelihood can grasp the true essence of social problems. Sun Yat-sen's evaluation of Marx suggests his attitude towards Lenin. Moreover, his attitude towards Marxism gives us a glimpse of the relationship between his doctrine and Marxism, and the tone of Kuomintang ideology.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：西元2018年12月27日；接受刊登日：西元2019年10月25日。