本館出版品

臺灣孫學研究之回顧（1990-2015）：兼論國立國父紀念館之角色

Retrospect on Taiwan’s Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies (1990-2015): Role of National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall

孫學研究

1996-265-7

半年刊

2016/05/16

第20期

p.017-42

　 本文主要探討1990年以來，孫學研究在臺灣發展趨勢，全文聚焦六所三民主義研究所的博、碩士學位論文，國立國父紀念館出版的《論文集》和《孫學研究》學報論文之分析比較。亦即本文試圖以學院派所生產的論文，和國父紀念館所出版論文加以比較，藉以了解孫學研究在臺灣的發展趨勢。
　 1949年政府撤退來臺，為對抗共產主義，將三民主義建構為一元思想體系的意識形態，甚至成為高等教育的一環。其後學院派受到社會科學思潮的影響，孫學研究與社會科學接軌，逐漸不以權威來詮釋中山思想，至1990年臺灣社會更加自由化，孫學已不是唯一遵奉的理論。從研究得知，學院派的論文以民權思想最多，其次是民生思想，這不僅與時代脈動相結合，而且政治環境越開放，孫學研究的領域就越加多元，但卻淡化了孫學研究的主體價值。另，隨著兩岸在學術上的合流，孫學成為兩岸都能接受的共識，社教機構的國父紀念館逐漸取代學院派成為孫學研究的重鎮。
　 國父紀念館從1990年開始投入孫學研究，以召開學術研討會，為兩岸學者、為研究生提供學術研究之平臺。從研究得知，國父館出版的《論文集》，以歷史類最多，民權類居次、再次者是民族類；《孫學研究》則以民權類最多，再次者是民族類。《論文集》受兩岸交流後影響，故歷史類文章中，以論述孫中山的人際關係、地緣關係、史料佔此類的一半，且中國大陸多於臺灣，可看出中國大陸的孫學研究是重視孫中山的行誼。《論文集》及《孫學研究》的民權類文章，都是臺灣學者最為熱衷，中國大陸避談「民權」議題，這種不談「民主」作法，是不符合「三民主義」。在民族類的文章中，兩岸學者莫不希望從孫學研究中，找出民族認同、民族復興及和平發展之道。

　 The essay investigates the development of Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies in Taiwan since 1990. By focusing on and analyzing three types of research papers, including the MA theses and dissertations that are produced from the six graduate institutes of San Min Chu I and the essays on Proceedings and Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies which are published by National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall.
　 After the Nationalist Government withdrew to Taiwan in 1949, the government had strived to construct the Three Principles of the People into a unitary ideological system and even into a part of higher education to fight against communism. Influenced by the trend of social science, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies in the academic circles is integrated with social science, which liberates the studies from authoritarian interpretation. During the 1990s when Taiwan’s society became more open, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies was no longer the only dominated studies. The essay shows that the research papers in the academic circles which focus mainly on the principle of Minquan and secondly on the principle of Minsheng not only connect with the historical dynamic and diversify the this field but also dilute the main values of Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies as the political environment becomes more and more open. In addition, as the convergence of Taiwan’s and Mainland China’s academic circles makes Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies become the accepted studies in both sides of the strait, the social education institute such as Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall gradually overtakes the academic circles as a leader in Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies.
　 Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall has devoted itself into Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies since 1990, it has provided an academic platform for the scholars and graduate students in both sides of the strait by convening many academic conferences. The essay shows that the historical research papers are the largest part in the amount of the production of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall while the papers relating to Minquan are the second largest and the papers relating to Minzu the third. The fact that the historical papers, which Mainland China produces more than Taiwan, mainly focus on Sun’s interpersonal interrelationship, geographical relationship, and related historical materials demonstrates that Dr. Sun Yat-sen Studies in mainland China values Sun’s deeds and life story. Meanwhile, the Taiwanese scholars are keen on studying the principle of Minquan. Neglect of the principle of “Minquan” and avoidance of “democracy,” which constantly happens in the research papers of mainland’s scholars, is apt to make the “Three Principles of the People” incomplete. In terms of the papers relating to the principle of Minzu, the scholars from Taiwan and Mainland China look forward to finding a path for national identification, national revival, and peaceful development from Sun Yat-sen Studies.

國立國父紀念館

臺北市

投稿日:西元2016年4月21日;接受刊登日:西元2016年5月6日。