孫中山的政黨政治思想｜中山學術資料庫

孫中山的政黨政治思想

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關鍵詞(英): Dr. Sun Yat-Sen 、 Party System 、 Democracy 、 Two-party System 、 Party Competition 、 Party Ethics

全文內容: 　　本文擬先說明孫中山對於革命時期「以黨建國」、「以黨治國」的觀點；接著探討憲政時期政黨政治的各項主張，包括：強調政黨政治的重要、提倡政黨競爭、主張兩黨政治、重視黨綱黨德等；繼而從政權移轉的問題、兩黨制的商榷，以及黨爭與黨德等三方面，做理論探討與當代民主化的評析；最後再提出結論如下：孫中山對於政黨政治主張，對於民國以來一直紛擾不休的我國政治，實具有暮鼓晨鐘的啟示性作用。只是民主化後的台灣，政黨政治尚未發展成熟，即將進行的憲政改革與選舉制度的改革，必然會牽動未來政黨政治的走向。無論未來政黨制度的走向是一黨優勢制、兩黨制或多黨制，如何避免極端主義式政黨的出現，尤其是避免極端主義式政黨得票率超過15%，正考驗著台灣民主鞏固的未來，也必然會影響現階段政治的穩定。

全文內容: 　　This thesis primarily plans to illustrate Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's points of view on "creating the country by KMT" and "ruling the country by KMT" in the Revolutionary Period. Later, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's opinions on the party system in the Constitutional Period, including the importance of the party system, the promotion of the party competition, the view of two parties system, as well as the emphasis on the party outlines and ethics will be discussed. And there will also be a theoretical analysis and evaluations on the present democratization based on three aspects: the shift of the political power, the discussion of the two-party system, and the party competition and ethics. Finally, the conclusion will be drawn as follows: given the political instability in a nation since its very strat, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's enlightening points on the party system were a awakening call. However, in the ongoing process of democratization, as Taiwan's party system is not yet mature, the anticipated reform in the constitutional and the election system will inevitably determine the forming of a stable party system. Whatever party system we may adopt, how we can avoid the emergence of the polarized party, and particularly keep its voter rating below 15%, affects both Taiwan's future democratization consolidation, and the political stability at present.