孫中山之高等教育理念及其實踐概況

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Title(EN): Sun Yat-sen’s Philosophy of Higher Education and Its Implementation Overview

Keyword(EN): Sun Yat-sen’s Educational Thought, Guangdong University, Zou Lu, Whampoa Military Academy

Abstract: 孫中山認為救國必須仰賴實業與教育兩端，此兩端如得發展則國家亦必有大發展。在教育上除了五育並重、健全人格、為國育才、教育均等、廣設學校等主張之外，在高等教育方面，亦有為革命培養基層幹部之意。1924年孫中山下令籌設國立廣東大學，任命鄒魯為校長，整合廣東高等教育資源，為革命事業培養人才之舉，此為孫中山著力於教育之始，為配合武學校黃埔軍校之文學校。爾後，孫中山先生過世之後，北伐軍在北進控制南京之後，於南京成立中央黨務學校，亦是延續孫中山培植革命幹部之宗旨而成立的高等院校。本文將以國父全集、鄒魯全集，廣東大學相關資料為本，探討孫中山之高等教育理念及其實踐概況。

Abstract: Sun Yat-sen believed that national salvation relied on the dual pillars of industry and education; if these two facets are developed, then the country must surely progress as well. In the field of education, Sun advocated for balanced Fivefold Education, holistic personal development, talent cultivation for national service, educational equality, and the establishment of more schools; in addition, he envisioned higher education as a means to train grassroots cadres for the revolution.
In 1924, Sun Yat-sen ordered the establishment of National Guangdong University, appointing Zou Lu as its president and integrating Guangdong’s higher education resources to cultivate talent for the revolutionary cause. This initiative marked Sun Yat-sen’s early engagement in education and served as the literary counterpart to the Whampoa Military Academy. After his passing, when the Northern Expedition Army advanced and took control of Nanjing, the Central Party Institute was established in Nanjing, continuing Sun Yat-sen’s mission of training revolutionary cadres at the higher education level.
This paper examines Sun Yat-sen’s philosophy of higher education and its implementation by analyzing the Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen, the Complete Works of Zou Lu, and archival materials related to National Guangdong University.