詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

《實業計畫》與臺灣土地政策：中華民國政府在臺灣的加工出口區規劃與經濟轉型

題名(英)

The International Development of China and Taiwan’s Land Policy: The government of the Republic of China’s strategic planning for Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and its impact on Taiwan’s economic transformation

作者

羅頌民,林義鈞

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2025-11-12

卷期

第39期

頁次

p.73-95

關鍵詞

《實業計畫》、中華民國政府、土地政策、加工出口區、臺灣發展

關鍵詞(英)

The International Development of China, Government of the Republic of China; Land policy, Export Processing Zones, Development in Taiwan

全文內容

1949年，臺灣局勢風雨飄搖，由於中國大陸局勢日益惡化，臺灣民心浮動，經濟混亂，社會不安，隨時都會發生中共攻臺的可能，在這內外交迫的情勢中，唯有確保臺灣的穩定，才能維護民眾的安定生活，而這份穩定的基礎，必須先從解決民生問題入手。當時臺灣是農業經濟社會，因此為了實現社會的穩定，使我國政府在臺灣實施土地改革，讓臺灣的經濟獲得初步的改善，然而到了1960年代，臺灣從農村經濟轉型為工業化，釋放出大量農村勞動力，即為「剩餘勞動力」，為了有效吸收並轉移臺灣農村剩餘勞動力，緩解農業人口過剩的問題，所以我國政府積極規劃加工出口區，透過吸引外資來臺灣投資設廠，以此促進臺灣的經濟成長，讓臺灣走向現代化發展。因此形成本文的研究問題：我國政府是如何透過規劃加工出口區來推動臺灣經濟再發展？在此問題意識下，本文以加工出口區作為實施臺灣土地政策之案例，以國家發展的角度來說明我國政府在臺灣土地政策所推行的情況，初步形成以下論點與發現：我國政府受到《實業計畫》的啟發，開始積極規劃加工出口區，透過吸引外資來臺灣投資設廠，不僅促進臺灣走向現代化發展，同時還使臺灣在一定程度上完成工業化與現代化，並改善農村勞動力過剩之情況，呈現出我國政府在臺灣的經濟發展特徵。

全文內容

Taiwanese society was very unstable in 1949 due to the deteriorating situation in mainland China. Widespread civil unrest and economic turmoil gripped Taiwanese society, which was held captive by the fear that Chinese Communists could attack at any moment. In the face of internal and external pressures, the only way to allow the public to safely live their lives was to ensure Taiwan’s stability; and the foundation of this stability was to resolve people’s core livelihood concerns. To ensure social stability in what was then a predominantly-agricultural society, the government implemented land reform in Taiwan. This fostered preliminary economic improvements in Taiwan. However, in the 1960s, the shift from a rural to an industrial economy in Taiwan resulted in discharging a large amount of rural labor, who then constituted a labor surplus. To effectively absorb and transfer the labor surplus and alleviate the problem of excess labor in rural areas, the government promoted the establishment of Export Processing Zones (EPZs). These encouraged foreign companies to build factories in Taiwan, thereby stimulating Taiwan’s economic development and facilitating its transition to a modern economy. This, then, prompts the central question of this study: How did the government use EPZs to foster economic development in Taiwan? With attention to this question, this study uses EPZs as a case study for exploring how the government’s land policy was implemented, using a national development perspective to illustrate the government’s role in implementing the land policy. This study’s preliminary findings indicate that the government, influenced by Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s book The International Development of China, started the establishment of EPZs to encourage foreign investment in building factories in Taiwan. This, in turn, accelerated Taiwan’s modernization; helped Taiwan complete its industrialization and modernization to a certain extent; and addressed the issue of the rural labor surplus. This also illustrates the government’s characteristic approach to economic development in Taiwan.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：民國114年04月07日；接受刊登日：民國114年10月13日