詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

從中山思想看美國2016年後族裔與階層關係之惡化

題名(英)

A View on the Exacerbation of American Ethnicityand Social Class Relations based on the Thoughts of Dr. Sun Yat-sen

作者

林奕辰

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2657

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2021/11/12

卷期

第31期

頁次

p.61-94

關鍵詞

孫中山、美國主義、族群衝突、社會階層

關鍵詞(英)

Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Americanism, ethnic conflict, social class, ethnic equality

全文內容

新世紀以來，美國各族群、階層間的衝突不斷，社會各個角落普遍發生的歧視，與因全球化造成的貧富差距與階層對立問題，使美國內部分裂嚴重。特別在2016年後，主政的川普總統硬懟中國、反對外來移民、歧視少數民族之種種作為，使種族對抗加劇所引發的政治事件與街頭抗爭層出不窮，形成危機，也使曾經的「美國夢」不復存在。美國民族之發展演變，最初以盎格魯-撒克遜為核心，經熔爐論、文化多元論及文明衝突論，晚近則倡行以「新美國主義」，欲重構一個國家的民族敘事。曾經美國的種族融合經驗和做法深刻影響中山先生對「國族」之看法。他早期倡導「仿美利堅民族底規模，將漢族改為中華民族，組成一個完全底民族國家」，以「美國化」的「熔爐」建構國族，但後期則更強調文化與傳統，強調「王道」與平等融合之重要性，以創造一個嶄新的「中華民族」。本文藉審視當今美國之族裔與階層問題，思考以中山先生之三民主義中，關於「民族平等」、「恢復固有道德」、「王道文化」與「均富」、「養民」、「互助」等原則，使美國民族交融增強、階級間相對剝奪感減弱，從而得出處理美國民族與階層問題之啟示。

全文內容

Since the beginning of the new century, there have been unceasing conflicts among ethnic groups and classes in the United States, widespread discrimination in all corners of the society, and the poverty gap and social class opposition problems due to globalization, which have caused the United States to be severely divided. It is especially so after 2016 when under President Donald Trump’s administration when opposition to China, opposition to immigration, discrimination against minority ethnic groups, and various conducts took place. These political events triggered and endless street fights triggered by intensified racial confrontation resulted in the formation of a crisis, and the American Dream no longer existed. The evolution of ethnic development in the United States with “Anglo-Saxon as the core” underwent the melting pot theory, cultural pluralism, and the Clash of Civilizations. In recent years, “New Americanism” has been advocated with the intent of reconstructing the national narrative of a nation.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s viewpoint on “nation” was under the profound influence of the racial integration experiences and practices in the United States. in the early period, he advocated the “imitation of the United States size, changing the Han nationality into the Chinese nation and completely forming a nation-state, which built on “Americanized” and “melting pot”. However, in the later period, culture and tradition were given more emphasis, stressing the importance of “benevolent rule” and “equality integration to build a new “Chinese nation”. By examining today’s ethnicity and social class issues in the United States, the principles of “ethnic quality”, “restoration of inherent morality”, “benevolent rule-based culture”, “equal wealth”, “rearing”, and “mutual aid” in Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People were contemplated. Whether they led to strengthened national integration in the United States and diminished a sense of relative deprivation among the social classes was determined to derive at a revelation for tackling American nationality and social class-related issues.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：民國110年5月23日；接受刊登日：民國110年10月29日