本館出版品

孫中山百年誕辰紀念及其活動─以《蔣中正日記》為中心的討論

Commemorative Events & Activities for Sun Yat-sen’s Birth Centenary
──Discussion Focused on Chiang Kai-shek’s Diary

孫學研究

1996-265-7

半年刊

2026-05-16

第40期

p.1-37

去（2025）年適逢孫中山先生160歲誕辰暨逝世100週年，孫中山（1866-1925）為領導革命、創建民國的重要關鍵人物，1940年4月中華民國國民政府以孫中山「倡導國民革命，手創中華民國，更新政體，永奠邦基，謀世界之大同，求國際之平等」，明令尊稱為「國父」，並推動一系列的尊崇與紀念事業。1965年11月為國父百年誕辰；蔣中正先於1963 年8 月中國國民黨第8 屆中常會第463次會議首先指示應舉辦紀念儀式，繼於次（1964）年9月1日舉行中華民國各界紀念國父百年誕辰籌備委員會成立大會，由蔣中正擔任名譽會長，並推選副總統陳誠為主任委員，規劃各項紀念事項，包括：於臺北市興建一座國父紀念館、發動並協助僑胞擇要整修國父海外故居、編印國父史蹟論著、籌募發展學術事業的中山文化基金，以及發起各種紀念活動等。
1965年11月12日，蔣中正主持國父百年誕辰紀念典禮並發表二千餘字的〈國父百年誕辰紀念文〉，指出：一、國父為亞洲民族之導師，大同世界之先驅。二、三民主義，率天下以仁，而民從之；共產主義，率天下以暴，而民不從。三、國父以公天下之心，容天下之量，無不覆幬，亦無不持載。四、每念遺訓，激越鼓舞，當一本所志，光復大陸，重整河山。同時他以前一天11月11日李顯斌等人駕機來歸為例，佐證三民主義之真理，且宣誓「自矢不逮國父之遺志不止，不竟國民革命之全功不止」。再次宣示其在臺施政係實踐孫中山的三民主義，並將以此戰勝共產主義，不成功不停止。
上述活動，均係由蔣中正發起、主導並推動，成為一全國性的紀念活動。蔣中正擬透過此一活動，將孫中山革命失敗、越挫越勇直到成功的精神比喻其反攻復國的大業終將成功，並實現三民主義等，其心路歷程及所擬推展的精神意義，在其日記中均有詳細揭露。是故，本文擬以蔣中正日記為中心，剖析其尊崇孫中山、紀念孫中山的內在意涵及其時代意義。

Last year (2025) marked both the 160th anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s birth and the 100th anniversary of his death. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) was a key figure in leading the revolution and establishing the Republic of China. In April 1940, the National Government of the Republic of China officially honored Sun Yat-sen as the“Father of the Nation”, recognizing his role in “advocating the National Revolution, establishing the Republic of China, renewing the political system, laying a solid foundation for the nation, seeking world harmony, and striving for international equality”; they also promoted a series of events and activities to honor and commemorate him. When it came to commemorating the Founding Father’s birth centenary in November 1965, Chiang Kai-shek instructed as early as August 1963 (at the 463rd meeting of the 8th KMT Central Standing Committee Meeting) that a commemorative ceremony be held. Then, on September 1, 1964, a meeting marked the establishment of the Committee for Commemoration Planning for the Founding Father’s Birth Centenary was held. The committee, led by Chiang Kai-shek (honorary chair) and Vice President Chen Cheng (acting chair), was responsible for planning all commemorative affairs. Related initiatives included building a Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei; encouraging and assisting overseas Chinese people to restore and preserve Sun Yat-sen’s important overseas residences; documenting and publishing Sun Yat-sen’s life and writings; fundraising for the Chung-Shan Cultural Foundation for academic development; and launching a series of commemorative activities.
On November 12, 1965, Chiang Kai-shek presided over the memorial ceremony for the centenary of the Founding Father’s birth, and delivered a speech, more than two thousand characters long, entitled Commemoration Upon the Centenary of the Founding Father’s Birth. The speech highlighted several key points: 1. The Father of the Nation was a mentor to Asian nations and a pioneer for the World of Great Harmony; 2. The Three Principles of the People guide the world with benevolence, and people follow them, while in contrast, Communism enforces its rule with violence, and people do not follow it voluntarily; 3. The Father of the Nation possessed a mind and a capacity that embraced and accommodated the entire world, comprehensively covering and carrying both everything and everyone; 4. Whenever Chiang Kai-Shek read the instructions left by the Father of the Nation, he felt greatly inspired and encouraged, reaffirming his original commitment to reclaiming the mainland and restoring the nation’s territory. Chiang also used an event of the previous day (November 11, when Li Xianbin and other pilots defected to Taiwan) to illustrate the truth behind the Three Principles of the People, and pledged that he would not cease his efforts until the Founding Father’s wish was realized and the complete success of the National Revolution was achieved. He publicly reaffirmed that his governance in Taiwan was based on Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People, which would triumph over Communism with his efforts remaining continuous until success being achieved.
The aforementioned activities were all launched at the instructions of Chiang Kai-shek, and later developed into nationwide commemorative events. Chiang Kai-shek intended to use these activities to highlight Sun Yat-sen’s resilience in enduring many failed revolutions before his ultimate success. This suggests that Chiang’s own mission (combating the Communist regime on the mainland, restoring the nation, and realizing the Three Principles of the People) would eventually succeed. His inner journey and the metaphysical meaning he hoped to share with the public are well disclosed in his diary. Thus, this study focuses on Chiang Kai-shek’s diary to analyze the connotations of and corresponding historical meaning regarding his respect for and commemoration of Sun Yat-sen,

國立國父紀念館

臺北市

投稿日：民國115年02月26日；接受刊登日：民國115年04月23日