逝世前的呼籲：孫中山赴日演說的用意與日方的對應(1924)

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題名(英): The appeal before death： the purpose of the speech given by Sun Yat-Sen in Japan and how Japanese respond to it.

關鍵詞(英): Sun Yat-Sen 、 Pan-Asiaism 、 Abolition unequal Treaties 、 Immigration Act of 1924

全文內容: 　　1924年10月，馮玉祥在北京發動政變，孫中山獲邀北上議事，並於行前發表了「廢除不平等條約」與「召開國民會議」兩項主張。北上途中，孫中山突然決定假道日本，借日本之力實現「廢除不平等條約」之願。為此，孫中山藉著1924年美國通過《排日移民法》使得日本國內排美情緒高漲之際，借力使力發表「大亞洲主義」的演講，期待打動日本國民，讓日本與中國同一陣線對抗西方列強。「大亞洲主義」的演講的隱語，便是其前提「日本應幫中國廢除不平等條約」，而此前提正是筆者認為孫中山此行的真正用意。孫中山借力使力的手法確實使得「大亞洲主義」獲得熱烈的迴響，然而「日本應幫中國廢除不平等條約」的訴求，卻因為事涉日本國家利益而顯得乏人問津。這也就使得孫中山亟欲「以夷制夷」而救中國的策略，無法奏效。

全文內容: 　　At the end of 1924, Sun Yat-Sen was invited to northbound as the coup was started by Feng Yu-Hsiang in Beijing. Right before he left, he projected “Abolition unequal Treaties” and the “convocation of national convention” two ideas to the people. On his way to northbound, a sudden decision to go to Japan was made by Sun Yat-Sen, Hoping Japan could assist China on abolish the “unequal treaties”During that year, the adoption of anti-Asian immigration in America really upsets the Japanese. Sun Yat-Sen took this advantage and gave a speech on “Pan-Asiaism” in hoping the Japanese would join force with China to go against America. The researcher believes Sun Yat-Sen’s real meaning behind “Pan-Asiasm” is to have the Japanese assist china on abolishing the “unequal treaties”.As result, “Pan-Asianism” received a vast of response, however, due to the lack of benefit towards the Japanese, the plan to abolish the unequal treaties was ignored.Therefore, the tactic to join force with japan on going against America was countermand.