詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

中山先生考試權思想與體制建構

題名(英)

Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's Thoughts on the Power of Examination and Related System

作者

蔡良文

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2010/05/16

卷期

第08期

頁次

P021-053

關鍵詞

三權分立 、 五權分立 、 考試權 、 文官體制 、 廉能政治

關鍵詞(英)

separation of powers (trias politica) 、 separation of five powers 、 power of examination 、 civil service system 、 incorrupt and efficient government

全文內容

　　當非西方世界開始全面崛起，而新興民主政體出現危險與崩解之際，中山先生政治思想是一個值得重新深思的議題，其中就未來考試權思想發展則是筆者關心的議題。
　　歐美先進國家之「三權分立」，係基於對統治者之不信賴，因此建構權力分立與制衡的配套設計，或晚近美國聯邦行政機關（或官僚體系）所形成之第四權（the fourth branch of government），均有別於孫中山先生獨創之「五權分立」之憲政體制，則著重於機關間相互聯屬，平行並立，各司其職，以建構有效能的政府。我國解嚴後經歷多次修憲，考試權之內涵與行使也作了部分的修正，調整運作至今，應進一步評估其發展脈絡。
　　考試權在良善治理的三大工程：分成「基礎法制工程」、「結構功能工程」與「修繕機能工程」三個層次。「基礎法制工程」是指轉型為現代化與民主化文官體制的基礎法制。「結構功能工程」是指架構出文官體制骨幹之「甄補與引進」、「激勵」、「發展」以及「維護與保障」四種政策功能類型。而「修繕機能工程」其內含包括破除官僚舊習慣與消極的「依法行政」，重建新的組織文化與價值，包括廉正、忠誠、專業、效能、關懷；並全力推動廉能政治。
　　要之，未來透過國家考試選才，公務人員培訓與績效管理，建置和諧的激勵與發展暨合理的維護與保障機制，強化公務人員素質與團隊之熱情能量，以提高政府效能與國家競爭力，並增進人民福祉，是考試院責無旁貸的任務。

全文內容

　　At the time while the non-Western states are to be overall springing up and the emerging democratic polities are in jeopardy and about to collapse, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's political thoughts are something that deserve to be rethought, among which the future development of the thoughts on the power of examination is the subject that I particularly concern.
　　Either the "separation of powers", or trias politica, of the advanced Western states or the lately developed fourth branch of government of the US federal administrative organs (or bureaucratic system) is different from the constitutional government system created by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen based on the "separation of five powers", which places special importance on the interrelation between and the independent performance of functions at equal standing of public organizations so as to make an efficient and capable government. ROC has made several amendments to its Constitution since ceasing the enforcement of martial law, in which partial amendments have been made to the contents and exercise of the power of examination and thus the development of the power of examination shall be further assessed.
　　The power of examination consists of three major works in good governance, i.e. "the work of fundamental legal system", "the work of structural function", and "the work of renovating function", with the contents respectively being one: the fundamental legal system adopted to transform to a modern and democratic civil service system; two: formulation of four functional policies, i.e. "recruitment and recommendation", "invigoration", "development" and "safeguard and protection", as the skeleton of civil service system; and three: elimination of the outdated bureaucratic habits and the dispirited "administration by law" to reconstruct new organizational culture and value, including integrity, faithfulness, professionalism, efficiency and care. In sum, facilitating the promotion of incorrupt and efficient government and enhancing people's welfare are Examination Yuan's unshirkable missions.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

GPN:2009503228