本館出版品

中山先生振興實業的策略：中國西部大開發戰略的檢視

Examining the Development Strategy of Western China from Dr. Sun's "The International Development of China"

孫學研究

1996-265-7

半年刊

2006/11/12

創刊號

P167-211

　　由於中山先生民生主義對中國革命成功後的經濟發展，有諸多具體的主張和實施辦法，大陸學者陳金龍指出「孫中山思想之中確實包含有許多值得後人借鑒和吸收的精華。」中山先生主張振興實業，係因應世界潮流趨勢，並符合中國內部需要，不僅以養民均富為目標，並重視實業與國防兼顧，使國家臻於強國之境界，而欲達到振興實業的九項基本策略為（一）發展多元產業；（二）強調基礎建設；（三）重視普及教育；（四）倡導開放政策；（五）私有公有並存；（六）生產分配並重；（七）加強互助合作；（八）就業機會均等；（九）取善果避惡果。
　　2000年1月國務院西部地區開發領導小組及其辦公室成立，實施西部大開發戰略全面展開，而西部大開發戰略可歸納為（一）發展特色優勢產業；（二）加快基礎設施建設；（三）大力發展科技教育；（四）推進擴大對外開放；（五）完善公私管理體制；（六）調整財政支出結構；（七）促進區域協調發展；（八）實施積極就業政策；（九）搞好環境保護建設。這些戰略與中山先生振興實業策略有頗多相同之處。值此之故，中山先生的實業計畫與振興實業的策略可謂：一廣泛搜集資料、二深入研究規劃、三高瞻遠矚見解、四大型建設倡導、五久經檢證不墜、六全球華人資產。
　　西部大開發戰略推動迄今已取得若干成效：（一）經濟增長速度加快；（二）重大基礎設施完工；（三）農村生活條件改善；（四）生態環境建設推進；（五）科技教育發展加快；（六）特色產業發展迅速；（七）有效拉動國內需求；（八）對外開放力度加大。然而今後中國進一步推進西部大開發將面臨許多矛盾和問題，如：（一）經濟發展過速，社會矛盾突出；（二）分配公平失衡，城鄉差距擴大；（三）環境污染嚴重，人自和諧破壞；（四）社會發展滯後，就業問題嚴重：（五）教育負擔加重，醫療衛生不足；（六）貪汙腐敗加劇，公平正義失序等等。因此，如能本諸中山先生思想精義，遵循其精神、內涵與原則，推動相關計畫政策，將有助於解決難題，進而達到發達西部、新農村建設與和諧社會之目標。

　　As for Dr. Sun's Principle of People' Livelihood on the economical development, which has a good deal of concrete opinion and implementing method, the Chinese scholar Chen Jin-long pointed out the Dr. Sun's thought is worth studying. Dr. Sun insisted on proceeding with the industry, and keeping up with trends of world tendency, and industry's plan will meet China's demands. The industry's plan not merely makes all people be rich, but also regards the industry and the national defense. If the country wants to be a superpower nation in one day, we have to pay attention to the nine basic tactics of revitalizing the industry, including: a) to develop multi-industries; b) to emphasize infrastructure construction; c) to implement compulsory education; d) to declare the open policy; e) to let the private or public enterprises co-exit; f) to regard the production and distribution as equally important; g) mutual aid and cooperation; h) equal employment opportunity; i) to take the good fruit and to avoid the evil consequence.
　　The Development Strategy of Western China was crafted in 2000, in which the major contents are: a) to develop the characteristic industries; b) to accelerate the infrastructure construction; c) to develop the education of science and technology; d) to expand opening to the outside world; e) to establish the perfect public and private management system; f) to adjust the structure of expenditures ; g) to promote the regions harmonious development; h) to fulfill the policy of obtaining employment; i) to do the environmental protection construction well.
　　Since the Chinese government has implemented the Development Strategy of Western China, there are some achievements such as: a) to accelerate the economic growth; b) to complete the significant infrastructure; c) to improve the life quality in the countryside; d) to move forward ecological environment construction; e) to accelerate the educational development of Science and technology; f) to rapidly develop the characteristic industries; g) to promote the domestic demand effectively; h) to strengthened the opening to the outside world is strengthened.
　　Though some achievements have been made in the development of Western China, we must have clear comprehension of the severe challenges China faces during the period of economic development, i.e., the gap between urban and rural areas and between different regions has been enlarging, especially in such aspects as health care and education; issues regarding the countryside, agriculture and peasants become increasingly obvious. There are large quantities of surplus labor force in rural areas and quality of life of the rural population is in urgent need of improving and human resources need rapid development. Therefore, if we can follow Dr. Sun's thought and principle, there will be helpful to resolve the problems and to achieve the goal of building the new rural construction and the harmonious society in China.

國立國父紀念館

臺北市

GPN:2009503228